Accurate computation of electrograms in the left ventricular wall

An integral representation of electrograms is used for large scale simulati ons in an anisotropic model of the whole left ventricle. Numerical artifact s, like spurious oscillations or peaks, may appear if the computational gri d is not fine enough. To avoid an excessive increase in the number of eleme nts and nodes, we present a numerical procedure based on a combination of: a special refinement of the grid, a sub-element technique, a nonlinear inte rpolation and a split form of the integral. The numerical simulations show that in this way it is possible to suppress the numerical artifacts thus al lowing an accurate computation of electrograms in any point inside or outsi de the myocardial wall.