Should dietary calcium and protein be restricted in patients with nephrolithiasis?

Renal stone disease is a painful condition that affects 1-20% of the genera l population. Therapy aimed at decreasing the incidence of recurrent stones includes dietary advice. Dietary considerations include intake of both cal cium and protein. Calcium restriction in stone formers is not recommended b ecause it can have adverse effects on bone and the incidence of stones. Alt hough a high-protein diet can elevate urinary calcium, uric acid, and sulfa te and decrease urinary citrate, which may alter the propensity to form sto nes, restriction of protein to less than the current RDA for the management of stone disease can not be recommended at this time.