Immune protection against HSV-2 in B-cell-deficient mice

The role of antibody in protection of the vaginal mucosa and sensory gangli a against HSV-2 infection was examined using HSV- immune, B-cell-deficient mu MT mice. Significantly higher virus titers were detected in the vaginal mucosae of immune mu MT mice compared to immune C57BL/6J mice 24 h after HS V-2 rechallenge. However, virus was rapidly cleared in immune mu MT mice, a nd the infection was resolved with only a 2-day delay. Passive transfer of immune serum to immune mu MT mice prior to rechallenge resulted in HSV-spec ific vaginal IgG levels comparable to those of immune C57BL/6J mice. Althou gh transferred antibody failed to prevent reinfection of the majority of re cipients, vaginal virus titers at 24 h and clearance kinetics were similar to those of immune C57BL/6J controls. Following vaginal rechallenge, HSV-2 did not spread to the sensory ganglia of immune C57BL/6J mice nor was the r echallenge virus detected in the ganglia of the majority of immune mu MT mi ce. However, protection was severely compromised by T-cell depletion of imm une C57BL/6J mice. These results suggest that HSV-specific antibody limits, but does not prevent, infection of the genital epithelia. Further, prevent ion of virus spread to the sensory ganglia in immune animals requires vigor ous T-cell immune responses. (C) 2000 Academic Press.