''Remnants of feudalism"? Women's health and their utilization of health services in rural China

Almost five decades ago, the Chinese Communist Party wished to abolish ail "remnants of feudalism," including the patriarchal social order. Just one y ear after the revolution, the Marriage Law endorsed women's rights within t he family, but no operative measures were taken to enforce it. Some of the economic reforms since independence even strengthened patrilocality and, po ssibly, patriarchal values. The purpose of this study was to explore the de gree to which patrilocality served to maintain the traditional patriarchal stratification among women in the household by exploring women's health pat terns and utilization of health services. Data were collected from 3859 wom en residing in rural Hebei, and variation in health and help seeking of six categories of relation to household head-mothers, wives, daughters, daught ers-in-law, family heads, and other relatives-were explored. Utilization of health services is not dependent on women's position in the household, but primarily on per-capita income. Health patterns seem to indicate that moth ers of the head of the household still have a considerable power to define their roles and share of household work. Women head of family, most of whom are married, appear to be under strain, which could be a result of their c ulturally "deviant" position. We conclude that old patriarchal values are i ntertwined with values of equality in current rural China.