Recent developments in faradaic bioelectrochemistry

Progress in the area of faradaic bioelectrochemistry over the last decade h as been reviewed. Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies of the protein- electrode interface are discussed along with the use of electron transfer p romoters, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), and surfactant films. Voltammet ric techniques are described that permit rapid, in-situ measurement of form al potentials while also providing kinetic resolution on the sub-millisecon d time scale. Some enzymes, especially those of analytical interest, must b e coupled or 'wired' to the electrode using mediators in order to achieve r apid electron transfer. Supramolecular structures designed to facilitate el ectron transfer and to immobilize co-factors are described. The use of elec trochemically-based biosensors for in-vivo measurements is documented. (C) 3000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.