Second-generation antipsychotics in the emergency care setting. A prospective naturalistic study

The objective of this subject was to examine the impact of the replacement of standard neuroleptics with atypical antipsychotic agents in an intensive psychiatric care unit. A mirror-image study was conducted. Cases admitted in the first semester of the year (when most of patients were treated with standard neuroleptics) were compared to cases admitted in the second semest er of the year, when atypical antipsychotic agents were routinely utilized as first line treatment of patients with psychotic signs. Cases admitted in the first semester received a significantly higher daily dosage of antipsy chotic drugs and more frequently received anticholinergics. In the second s emester, a significantly higher number of patients received anticonvulsants , in particular valproate and gabapentin. There was no significant differen ce between the two groups of cases in the number of patients treated with a ntipsychotics, benzodiazepines, lithium, and carbamazepine and in the mean daily dose of benzodiazepines, lithium, carbamazepine, or valproate on the first day of hospitalization, the day of evaluation, and on discharge. On d ischarge, similar percentages of patients went home, were transferred to ot her Psychiatric Intensive Cave Units (PICUs) or to private clinics, or left our PICU against medical advice. The length of hospitalization was similar in the two groups. There was no significant difference in the rate of aggr essive or violent behavior registered in the two groups of cases. The risk of increasing violence rates, lengthening hospitalization, and facilitating patients' noncompliance should not be major concerns for physicians prescr ibing second-generation antipsychotics in the emergency cave setting. Since these drugs have been shown to have at least similar efficacy (or greater efficacy in the case of clozapine) in the treatment of psychotic disorders as typical neuroleptics and to have a better side-effects profile, they sho uld become first line treatment for patients with psychotic signs admitted to emergency cave psychiatric facilities. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc.