Disruption of two novel genes by a translocation co-segregating with schizophrenia

A balanced (1;11)(q42.l;q14.3) translocation segregates with schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders in a large Scottish family (maximum LOD = 6.0). We hypothesize that the translocation is the causative event and tha t it directly disrupts gene function. We previously reported a dearth of ge nes in the breakpoint region of chromosome 11 and it is therefore unlikely that the expression of any genes on this chromosome has been affected by th e translocation. By contrast, the corresponding region on chromosome 1 is g ene dense and, not one, but two novel genes are directly disrupted by the t ranslocation. These genes have been provisionally named Disrupted-In-Schizo phrenia 1 and 2 (DISC1 and DISC2). DISC1 encodes a large protein with no si gnificant sequence homology to other known proteins. It is predicted to con sist of a globular N-terminal domain(s) and helical C-terminal domain which has the potential to form a coiled-coil by interaction with another, as ye t, unidentified protein(s). Similar structures are thought to be present in a variety of unrelated proteins that are known to function in the nervous system. The putative structure of the protein encoded by DISCI is therefore compatible with a role in the nervous system. DISC2 apparently specifies a non-coding RNA molecule that is antisense to DISCI, an arrangement that ha s been observed at other loci where it is thought that the antisense RNA is involved in regulating expression of the sense gene. Altogether, these obs ervations indicate that DISCI and DISC2 should be considered formal candida te genes for susceptibility to psychiatric illness.