Induction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by anaerobes associated with bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common disorder characterized by increased le vels of anaerobic bacteria in the genital tract. BV has been associated wit h an increased rate of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The effects of BV-associated anaerobic bacteria on HIV expression in monocytoid cells and T cells were examined. Peptostreptococcus asaccharoly ticus and Prevotella bivia stimulated HIV expression in monocytoid cells, w hereas Bacteroides ureolyticus, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Lactobac illus acidophilus did not enhance HIV expression. II asaccharolyticus also enhanced HIV expression in T cells and activated HIV long-terminal-repeat t ranscription in U38 cells. This report suggests a mechanism by which distur bances in vaginal flora could lead to a higher rate of sexual transmission of HIV, Furthermore, this study supports the idea that treatment of BV migh t serve as a preventive measure to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.