A new low-Reynolds version of an explicit algebraic stress model for turbulent convective heat transfer in ducts

This investigation concerns performance of a new low-Reynolds version of an explicit algebraic stress model (EASM)for numerical calculation of turbule nt forced-convective heat transfer and fluid flow in straight ducts with fu lly developed conditions. The turbulent heat fluxes are modeled by a SED co ncept, the GGDH, and the WET methods. New versions of GGDH, WET, and EASM a re presented for low Reynolds numbers. However, at high Reynolds numbers, t wo wall functions are used, one for velocity fields and one for the tempera ture field. All the models are computed in a general three-dimensional chan nel. The low-Reynolds version of the models presented is very stable and ha s been used for Reynolds numbers up to 70,000 with least demanded number of grid points, and without any convergence problem or stability problem.