Passive avoidance learning in extraverted females

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying passive avoidance learning in females in order to contrast Newman's (disinhibition as a consequence of BAS hyperactivity) with Gray's perspective (disinhibiti on can also appear as a consequence of BIS hypoactivity). Two computerized versions of the go/no-go discrimination task used by Newman et al. [Newman, J. P., Widom, C. S., & Nathan, S. (1985). Passive avoidance in syndromes o f disinhibition: psychopathy and extraversion, Journal of Personality and S ocial Psychology, 48, 1316-1327]. were administered to groups classified ac cording to extraversion and neuroticism. The results showed that, unlike th e work with males, condition R+P (situation involving cues for both reward and punishment) did not produce differences in passive avoidance errors (PA Es) between (neurotic) extraverts and (stable) introverts. In contrast, neu rotic introverts tended to make more PAEs than the other groups but only wh en condition R+P was performed first. With regard to condition P (situation involving only cues for punishment), results showed that stable extraverts tended to display behavioural disinhibition when condition P was performed in second place. These results suggest that disinhibition is a complex phe nomenon that may be mediated by either BIS hypoactivity, BAS hyperactivity or even BIS hyperactivity, and by the interaction of all these mechanisms w ith the involvement of some of the variables such as gender, personality, m otivation, task and subject's anxiety state. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved.