Game-framing the issues: Tracking the strategy frame in public policy news

Scholars and journalists have argued that the "game" frame-reporting politi cs primarily in strategic terms-is predominant in mainstream news reporting of politics. Game-orientated reporting is problematic, according to it's c ritics, because it crowds out issue-based reporting. But as of yet we know little and have theorized little about the specific contexts in which the g ame frame is likely to be reporters' primary emphasis. While numerous studi es have documented the predominance of the game schema in election news, th e empirical record on public policy news is quite limited. Accordingly, the content of national news about the issue of U.S welfare reform during 1996 is analyzed to illustrate three theoretical propositions about game-framed news coverage: that the game frame is most likely to be applied to the pub lic policy issues when they are discussed in national election news, that t he game frame is also particularly likely to be applied when Washington pol icy makers are engaged in conflict that promises a clear outcome (i.e., the passage or rejection of legislation) over key issues in electoral politics , and that the game frame is less likely to be applied tp public issues whe n they are discussed in news about state-levels political debates and the i mplementation phase of policy-making.