The authors report the fourth case of inverted papilloma of the ureteropelv
ic junction since the first description of this lesion in 1963 by Potts and
Hirst. In view of the rarity of this lesion and its unusual presentation,
they conducted an exhaustive review of the literature concerning inverted p
apillomas of the upper urinary tract. This proliferative lesion of the urot
helium can precede, accompany or follow superficial or invasive urothelial
tumours. Rigorous treatment and surveillance are therefore justified to det
ect an associated tumour. The controversy concerning the benign nature of i
nverted papilloma has still not been clarified.