To what extent does South African mental, health and substance abuse research address priority issues?

Objective. To investigate the extent to which South African mental health r esearch addresses priority issues. Design. Cross-sectional survey of conference presentations. Setting. The most recent conferences of the following professional societie s: the Epidemiological Society of Southern Africa, the Psychological Societ y of South Africa, the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa, and the So uth African Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Disc iplines. Main outcome measures. Whether the presentations addressed priority areas a s defined in the list 'Selected priority areas of research' compiled by the Mental Health and Substance Abuse Thrust of the Medical Research Council, and if so which priority areas were addressed. Results. There were 627 presentations, with 267 (43%) on mental health or s ubstance abuse. Seventy-eight papers (29%) reported original research in a priority area identified by the Medical Research Council. Of these, 73 (94% ) were on mental health and 5 (6%) were on substance abuse. Of the 73 paper s on mental health, 33 (45%) addressed topics in health problem research, 7 (10%) aetiology research, 22 (30%) intervention research, and 11 (15%) ope rational and health systems research. Conclusion. Much South African mental health research does not address prio rity issues. There is a particular dearth of research addressing substance abuse research priorities. Funding mechanisms and research capacity develop ment initiatives could help to rectify the situation.