Despite a vast array of causes of neurodegenerative diseases, research has
identified common pathways through which the neurodegeneration proceeds. Pa
rt I of this neurological review article will address a confluence of resea
rch suggesting that neurodegeneration is often linked with the accumulation
of insoluble pro rein aggregates; part 2, the mechanisms through which neu
rodegeneration occurs-apoptosis, necrosis, and excitotoxicity. Along with t
he common mechanisms for inducing neurodegeneration, we will also review co
mmon defense mechanisms that protect against toxic insults. Each of these p
athways offers potential targets for pharmaceutical intervention.