Review of the Y chromosome and hypertension

The Y chromosome from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) has a locus tha t raises blood pressure 20-25 mmHg, Associated with the SHR Y chromosome ef fect is a 4-week earlier pubertal rise of testosterone and dependence upon the androgen receptor for the full blood pressure effect. Several indices o f enhanced sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity are also associated wi th the SHR Y chromosome. Blockade of SNS outflow reduced the blood pressure effect. Salt sensitivity was increased by the Y chromosome as was salt app etite which was SNS dependent. A strong correlation (r = 0.57, P<0.001) was demonstrable between plasma testosterone and angiotensin II. Coronary coll agen increased with blood pressure and the presence of the SHR Y chromosome . A promising candidate gene for the Y effect is the Sry locus (testis dete rmining factor), a transcription factor which may also have other functions .