Critical scaling theory of generalized phase transition and its universality

Generalized phase transition (GPT) refers to the transition process of mate rial systems from one steady-state to another. It includes equilibrium phas e transition (EPT) and nonequilibrium phase transition (NPT), and phase tra nsitions intermediate between them. In this paper some results on the study of critical scaling relations of the NPT and EPT are obtained. We develope d the critical scaling theory of EPT and advanced a universal critical scal ing theory of GPT. The critical scaling relations(scaling laws) has more un iversality. The critical exponents calculated from our theory are identical with the results of experiments and other theories about EPT and NPT syste ms. Because the basic model of the theory does not depend on the concrete m aterial system, it has a certain unversality. Its results thus can be appli ed to generlized phase transition systems, such as the electrorheological f luid and magnetorheological fluid systems.