Fine particle and gaseous emission rates from residential wood combustion

Residential wood combustion emissions were analyzed to determine emission r ates and to develop chemical emissions profiles that represent the applianc es and woods typically used in wood-burning communities. Over 350 elements, inorganic compounds, and organic compounds were quantified. A range of 4-9 g/kg dry fuel of particulate matter( <2.5 mu m) and 5-22 g/kg volatile org anic compounds were observed. Samples were collected using a dilution stack sampler equipped with a 2.5-mu m particle selective cyclone. Emissions wer e diluted 20-70 times, cooled to ambient temperature, and allowed 80 s for condensation prior to collection. Wood type, wood moisture, burn rate, and fuel load were varied for different experiments. Fine particle and semivola tile organic compounds were collected on filter/PUF/XAD/PUF cartridges. Ino rganic samples and mass were collected on Teflon and quartz filters. Volati le organic carbon compounds were trapped with Tenax (C-8-C-20), canister (C -2-C-12), and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine impregnated cartridges (carbonyl c ompounds). Analysis of particle and semivolatile organic species was conduc ted by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Teflon filters were analyzed f or mass by gravimetry, trace elements were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, and ammonium was analyzed by automated colorimetry. Quartz filters were ana lyzed for organic and elemental carbon by thermal/optical reflectance, and ions were analyzed by ion chromatography. Select quartz filters were analyz ed by accelerator mass spectrometry for carbon-12 and carbon-14 abundance. Canister and Tenax samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, and carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high-performa nce liquid chromatography.