Enalapril in paediatric patients with Alport syndrome: 2 years' experience

Enalapril, a long-acting inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, was gi ven for 2 years to seven children with Alport syndrome. Five patients had a classical X-linked form of the disease; two siblings had the autosomal rec essive variant. Their age was between 5.15 and 13.75 years when enalapril w as started. All patients had haematuria and proteinuria, creatinine clearan ce was >80 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) in all. and only one patient was hypertensi ve. The starting dose of enalapril (0.1 mg/kg body weight per day) was incr eased progressively according to individual clinical tolerance. Thc median doses were 0.13, 0.12, 0.21 and 0.29 mg/kg at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, resp ectively. Median values of mean blood pressure were 95 mmHg at the start an d 84 mmHg after 24 months. Median daily proteinuria decreased from 52 mg/kg to 18 mg/kg at 6 months, 21 mg/kg at 12 months, 12 mg/kg at 18 months and 30 mg/kg at 24 months. Serum creatinine increased over time from a median o f 0.64 mg/dl at baseline to 0.77 mg/dl at 24 months. Concomitantly, there w as a decrease in GFR from 104 to 83 ml/min per 1.73 mt at 18 months and an increase again to 95 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) at 24 months. Analysis of the ind ividual data showed three patterns: no response (n = 2), temporary response (n = 2) and sustained response (n = 3). Conclusion When given enalapril at the dosages mentioned, Alport patients a s a group display a marked reduction in urinary protein excretion with a na dir of 23% of the baseline figure at 18 months, a decrease that cannot be a ccounted for by the slight decrease in glomerular filtration rate. Although these are preliminary data, it is recommended to try an angiotensin-conver ting enzyme inhibitor in every paediatric Alport patient with proteinuria.