This historical account of operations research at Bell Laboratories was dra
fted in the late 1970s when the authors were part of the Operations Researc
h Center within Bell Laboratories at AT&T; it has not previously appeared i
n the open literature. We have added a few references to later publications
that describe particular aspects of the period covered. Discussions of tec
hnological practices and organizational arrangements expressed in the prese
nt tense represent a viewpoint of about 1980, before "divestiture" split up
the Bell System. The principal topics in this issue of Operations Research
are the organizational history, and teletraffic theory and engineering. Up
coming issues of Operations Research will include parts II and III of this
account, comprising capacity expansion in telephone networks, operations an
alysis, applied statistics, and related OR activities. A comprehensive tabl
e of contents for parts I, II, and III can be found in the Online Collectio
n of the Operations Research Home Page, at www.informs.org/pubs.