The nature and dynamics of nonlinear excitations in conducting polymers. Polyaniline

The advantages of using the multifrequency (3-cm, 8-mm, and 2-mm) EPR metho d in combination with the modified method of spin label and spin probes and the methods of steady-state microwave saturation and microwave saturation transfer of spin packets in studies of the spin and electrodynamic properti es of polyaniline are outlined. The methods of determining the composition of localized and delocalized paramagnetic centers and calculating their mai n parameters from total ESR spectra are described. Original results of inve stigations of polyaniline modified with sulfuric, hydrochloric, camphorsulf onic, and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acids are reported. The d ependences of the nature, electronic relaxation, dynamics of paramagnetic c enters, and the charge-transfer mechanism on the method of synthesis, the s tructure of the acid molecule, and the polyaniline oxidation level are show n.