The contemporary surgical intensive care unit - Structure, staffing, and issues

Modern ICUs present unique challenges to physician-administrators in the cu rrent health care environment. Several models of care (e.g., open versus cl osed ICUs, physician extenders in the ICU) are used throughout the country, with varying degrees of success. Although all care models may work, the id eal model for a given ICU can be found only through ongoing performance imp rovement.