Kinetics of L-[1-C-13]leucine when ingested with free amino acids, unlabeled or intrinsically labeled casein

In two groups of five adults, each adapted to two different dietary regimen s for 6 days, the metabolic fate of dietary [1-C-13]leucine was examined wh en ingested either together with a mixture of free amino acids simulating c asein (extrinsically labeled; condition A), along with the intact casein (e xtrinsically labeled; condition B), or bound to casein (intrinsically label ed; condition C). Fed state leucine oxidation (Ox), nonoxidative leucine di sposal (NOLD), protein breakdown, and splanchnic uptake have been compared using an 8-h oral [1-C-13]leucine and intravenous [H-2(3)]leucine tracer pr otocol while giving eight equal hourly mixed meals. Lower leucine Ox, incre ased NOLD, and net protein synthesis were found with condition C compared w ith condition A (19.3 vs. 24.9; 77 vs. 55.8; 18.9 vs. 12.3 mu mol . kg(-1) . 30 min(-1); P < 0.05). Ox and NOLD did not differ between conditions B an d C. Splanchnic leucine uptake calculated from [1-C-13]- and [H-2(3)]leucin e plasma enrichments was between 24 and 35%. These findings indicate that t he form in which leucine is consumed affects its immediate metabolic fate a nd retention by the body; the implications of these findings for the tracer balance technique and estimation of amino acid requirements are discussed.