The effects of epilepsy and its treatment on sexual and reproductive function

Male and female sexuality and reproductive functions are complex systems wi th cortical, limbic system, hypothalamic, pituitary, and end organ interact ions. Sexual steroids are produced in the sexual glands, the adrenals, and the brain. They undergo interconversion in the brain, bind to different bra in areas, and have multiple effects behaviorally and neurophysiologically. Progesterone, estrogen and testosterone have neuroendocrine effects that al ter epileptogenicity. Seizure frequency may change throughout the life cycl e as a result of hormonal status. Changes in central control, peripheral ho rmone levels, and/or medication effects may all contribute to decreased lib ido, potency, and fertility. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) interact with hormo ne-binding metabolism, resulting in altered human reproductive function. AE Ds alter contraceptive hormone treatments. Information on the effects of ne w AEDs is being gathered by the National Pregnancy Registry. Catamenial epi lepsy and some sexual dysfunction in men may be treatable.