SEX-DIFFERENCES IN AGGRESSION - DOES SOCIAL REPRESENTATION MEDIATE FORM OF AGGRESSION

In contrast to the usual pattern of higher male aggression, girls have been shown to exceed boys on frequency measures of indirect aggressio n. Women also tend to view aggression in terms of an expressive social representation whereby it is seen to result from loss of self-control , in contrast to men who tend to describe it as an instrumental act ai med at exerting control over others. Sixteen items measuring different forms of aggressive behaviour were given to 105 undergraduates togeth er with Expagg, a psychometric measure of social representation of agg ression. Factor analysis of the aggression items revealed three scales : direct (verbal and physical), indirect instrumental and indirect exp ressive aggression. The only aggression scale showing a significant se x difference was indirect expressive aggression on which women scored higher than men. There was also a significant sex difference on Expagg with women showing a more expressive representation of aggression. Ho wever the point biserial correlation between sex and indirect expressi ve aggression was not diminished when expressive representation of agg ression was partialled out. It is argued that indirect expressive aggr ession (involving bitching and avoiding) fails to show a relationship with social representation because it lacks the formal requirements of intentional harm and consequently is not an act of 'aggression'.