Mood and heuristics: The influence of happy and sad states on sensitivity and bias in stereotyping

The influence of mood states on the propensity to use heuristics as express ed in stereotypes was examined using signal detection statistics. Participa nts experienced happy, neutral, or sad moods and "remembered" whether names connoting race (African American, European American) belonged to social ca tegories (criminal, politician, basketball player). Positive mood increased reliance on heuristics, indexed by higher false identification of members of stereotyped groups. Positive mood lowered sensitivity (d'), even among r elative experts, and shifted bias (beta) or criterion to be more lenient fo r stereotypical names. in contrast, sad mood did not disrupt sensitivity an d, in fact, revealed the use of a stricter criterion compared with baseline mood. Results support theories that characterize happy mood as a mental st ate that predisposes reliance on heuristics and sad mood as dampening such reliance.