Small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering and anomalous small-angle X-ray
scattering were used to investigate proton-conducting membranes prepared b
y radiation-induced styrene grafting and sulfonation of commercial poly(vin
ylidene fluoride) (PVDF-g-PS) films. The membranes retain the lamellar and
highly oriented structure of the original PVDF films even through excessive
grafting and sulfonation. The sulfonate groups aggregate in the central pa
rt of the amorphous layers, where they form a weakly ordered structure that
does not show any preferred orientation. This structure is suggested to be
lamellar with alternate metal-sulfonated hydrate and PVDF-g-PS layers. The
lamellar period is 15.1 Angstrom. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.