Quartz crystal microbalance study of lithium deposition and dissolution innonaqueous electrolyte with hydrofluoric acid

The irreversible consumption of lithium during deposition and dissolution i n nonaqueous electrolytes with a small amount of hydrofluoric acid was stud ied by an electrochemical in situ quartz crystal microbalance technique. II was found that lithium is not only consumed by chemical reactions with the electrolyte during deposition, but is also lost during dissolution. This r esult is strong ly related to breakdown of the surface film formed on lithi um during the deposition process. From the experimental data, it is conclud ed that the stability of the surface film on lithium metal during dissoluti on is a key requirement for high coulombic efficiency of lithium metal depo sition and dissolution, (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99 )12-020-2. All rights reserved.