Trans fatty acids in adipose tissue of French women in relation to their dietary sources

This study reports the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissu e in French women with special emphasis on the content of trans fatty acids originating from two main dietary sources, ruminant fats and partially hyd rogenated vegetable oils (PHVO). Adipose tissue trans fatty acid levels fro m 71 women, recruited between 1997 and 1998, were determined using a combin ation of capillary gas chromatography and silver nitrate thin-layer chromat ography. Results indicate that on average cis monounsaturates accounted for 47.9% of total fatty acids, saturates for 32.2%, and linoleic acid for 14. 4%. Cis n-3 polyunsaturates represented only 0.7%. Total content of trans f atty acids was 2.32 +/- 0.50%, consisting of trans 18:1 (1.97 +/- 0.49%), t rans 18:2 (0.28 +/- 0.08%), and trans 16:1 (0.06 +/- 0.03%). Trans 18:3 iso mers were not detectable. The level of trans fatty acids found in adipose t issue of French women was lower than those reported for Canada, the United States, and Northern European countries but higher than that determined in Spain. Therefore, trans fatty acid consumption in France appears to be inte rmediate between that of the United States or North Europe and that of Spai n. Based on the equation of Enig et al., we estimated the mean daily trans 18:1 acid intake of French women at 1.9 g per person. The major trans 18:1 isomer in adipose tissue was Delta 11 trans, as in ruminant fats. Estimates of relative contribution of trans fatty acid intake were 55% from ruminant fats and 45% from PHVO. This pattern contrasts sharply with those establis hed for Canada and the United States where PHVO is reported to be the major dietary source of trans fatty acids.