Proton conducting gels for electrochemical devices

The state of art on composite, polymeric proton conductors is presented in the paper. This includes binary systems composed of a Brodnsted acid and pr oton coordinating macromolecules like poly(ethylene oxide), poly(ethylene i mine), polyacrylamide, poly(vinyl pyrolidone), polybenzimidazole, and terna ry gels containing a polymeric matrix, Bronsted acid and polar solvents lik e water, propylene carbonate, and dimethylformamide. The conductivity mecha nism in these systems and possibilities of practical application in fuel ce lls and electrochromic devices have been discussed.