An integrated biomechanical analysis of high speed incline and level treadmill running

Purpose: Recent sprint training regimens have used high-speed incline tread mill running to provide enhanced loading of muscles responsible fur increas ing forward running speed. The goal of this study was to document the joint kinematics, EMG, and swing-phase kinetics of incline treadmill running at 4.5 m . s(-1) with a 30% grade, and compare these data to that of level run ning under similar conditions. Methods: Sagittal plane video (200 Hz) and E MG from eight lower extremity muscles were recorded during each of three lo comotion conditions: incline running at 4.5 m . s(-1) and 30% grade (INC), level running at 4.5 m . s(-1) (LSS), and level running at the same stride frequency as INC (LSSF). A rigid body model was used to estimate net muscle power and work values at the hip, knee, and ankle during swing. Timing and amplitude of EMG signals for each muscle relative to footstrike were compa red between conditions. Results: Stride frequency and percentage of stride spent in stance were significantly higher during INC (1.78 Hz; 32.8%) than in the LSS (1.39 Hz; 28.8%) condition. Stride frequency played an important role, as most measures were more similar between INC and LSSF. Extensor ra nge of motion of all joints during push-off was higher for INC. During INC, average EMG amplitude of the gastrocnemius, soleus, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and gluteus maximus were higher during stance, whereas the hams trings activity amplitudes were lower. Average power and energy generated d uring hip flexion and extension in the swing phase were greatest during INC . Conclusions: These data suggest that compared with LSSF and LSS, INC prov ides enhanced muscular loading of key mono- and bi-articular muscles during both swing and stance phases.