Solar modelling: Theory and verification

After 30 years of investigation, the solar neutrino problem is still puzzli ng but the perspectives are extremely encouraging, due to the large improve ments obtained on the experimental side including nuclear reaction rates, h igh statistics in neutrino detections, precise acoustic mode properties and hope, to detect gravity modes. The present status, including the differenc es between neutrino predictions and neutrino flux detections, confirms the general features of solar modelling proposed in the sixties but reveals a r ich field of Astrophysics and Particle Physics. The helioseismic investigat ion of the solar interior with the satellite SOHO begins to offer a complet e verification of the solar structure, the introduction of dynamical effect s will modify the neutrino emissions and the solar properties on rotation a nd magnetic field could appear important for the solution of the puzzle if the properties of the neutrinos (mass and magnetic moment) are revealed mor e complex than thought at the beginning.