La. Anchordoqui et al., EFFECT OF THE 3 K BACKGROUND-RADIATION ON ULTRAHIGH-ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS, Physical review. D. Particles and fields, 55(12), 1997, pp. 7356-7360
In this work we reexamine the opacity of the cosmic background radiati
on to the propagation of extremely high-energy cosmic rays. We use the
continuous energy loss approximation to provide spectral modification
factors for several hypothesized cosmic ray sources. Earlier problems
with this approximation are resolved including the effects of resonan
ces other than the Delta.