This review analyses whether the assumption is justified that endoscopic sc
reening in patients with Barrett's syndrome facilitates early recognition o
f cancer and leads to prolongation of life. It is shown that no reliable da
ta exist that would support the latter conclusion. Although there is scant
information that some patients may benefit from close surveillance, it appe
ars unlikely that an all too ambitious surveillance program will either be
cost effective or acceptable for patients and/or endoscopy centers.