Social networks and cancer screening in four US Hispanic groups

Background: Evidence shows that social relationships play an important role in health and health behavior. We examined the relationship between social networks and cancer screening among four U.S. Hispanic groups. Methods: We used telephone surveys to collect data in eight U.S. regions th at have concentrations of diverse Hispanic-origin populations. We interview ed 8903 Hispanic adults, for a response rate of 83%; analysis was restricte d to the 2383 women aged greater than or equal to 40. As a measure of socia l integration, we formed a social network index from items on the number of close relatives and friends, frequency of contact, and church membership. We used logistic regression to estimate the effects of social integration o n screening, adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Results: Among Mexican, Cuban, and Central-American women, the effect of so cial integration on mammography screening was slight. The odds ratios (OR) per unit change in social integration category ranged from 1.16 to 1.22 wit h confidence intervals (CI) that overlapped with the null. For Pap smear sc reening, the effect was strongest among Mexican-American women (OR=1.44, 95 % CI=1.21 to 1.72), but also evident among Central-American women (OR=1.22, 95% CI=0.72 to 2.06) and Cuban women (OR=1.25, 95% CI=0.81 to 1.93). Among Puerto Rican women, social integration had no effect on either mammography (OR=1.03) or Pap smear screening (OR=1.08). Conclusions: Independent of socioeconomic factors, social integration appea rs to influence cancer screening participation of Hispanic women. The modes t effect is not universal across Hispanic groups and was stronger for Pap s mear than for mammography screening behavior. Researchers should recognize Hispanic group differences in social network characteristics and the potent ial of social networks to change screening behavior. (C) 2000 American Journal of Preventive Medicine.