Indoor coal combustion emissions, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes, and lung cancer risk: A case-control study in Xuan Wei, China

The lung cancer mortality rate in Xuan Wei County, China is among the highe st in the country and has been associated with exposure to indoor smoky coa l emissions that contain high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, T his risk may be modified by variation in metabolism genes, including GSTM1, which encodes an enzyme known to detoxify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons . To investigate the relationship between GST genotypes and lung cancer ris k in Xuan Wei County, we analyzed GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in a population -based case-control study. A total of 122 lung cancer patients and 122 cont rols, individually matched by age, sex, and home fuel type, were studied. C ompared to subjects who used less than 130 tons of smoky coal during their lifetime, heavier users (greater than or equal to 130 tons) had a 2.4-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.3-4.4) increased risk of lung cancer. The GSTM1 -null genotype was associated with a 2.3-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.3 -4.2) increased risk of lung cancer. Furthermore, there was some evidence t hat smoky coal use was more strongly associated with lung cancer risk among GSTM1-null versus GSTM1-positive individuals. In contrast, the GSTT1 genot ype was not significantly associated with lung cancer risk. Our data sugges t that the GSTM1-null genotype may enhance susceptibility to air pollution from indoor coal combustion emissions.