Semi-analytical sensitivity using hybrid finite elements

The paper presents a general algorithm for computation of response sensitiv ity using Semi-Analytical approach and Hybrid Finite Elements. In particula r, three types of two-dimensional quadrilateral elements based on the Helli nger-Reissner principle and its latter modifications have been chosen and i mplemented in the sensitivity expressions to demonstrate the improved perfo rmance of the algorithm. It is observed that the semi-analytical approach b ased on hybrid finite elements has the potential for obtaining cost-effecti ve and accurate sensitivities and hence, is a good compromise between analy tical and explicit finite difference approaches. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.