Long considered simply as anoxic fermenters, termite guts are in fact axial
ly and radially structured environments with physicochemically distinct mic
rohabitats. Recent developments in termite gut microecology, which combined
traditional and modern techniques, have focused on the spatial organizatio
n of important microbial populations and their in situ activities, and have
significantly furthered our understanding of functional interactions withi
n highly structured microenvironments.