The environment as an etiologic factor in autism: A new direction for research

Autism is one of a group of developmental disorders that have devastating l ifelong effects on its victims. Despite the severity of the disease and the fact that it is relatively common (15 in 10,000), there is still little un derstanding of its etiology. Although believed to be highly genetic, no abn ormal genes have been found. Recent findings in autism and in related disor ders point to the possibility that the disease is caused by a gene-environm ent interaction. Epidemiologic studies indicate that: the number of cases o f autism is increasing dramatically each year. it is not clear whether this is due to a real increase in the disease or whether this is an artifact of ascertainment. A new theory regarding the etiology of autism suggests that it may be a disease of very early fetal development (approximately day 20- 24 of gestation). This theory has initiated new lines of investigation into developmental genes. Environmental exposures during pregnancy could cause or contribute to autism based on the neurobiology of these genes.