When the frequency of light coupled into a cavity is suddenly shifted, the
radiation emanating from the input port of the previously excited cavity ca
n beat with the reflection of the frequency-shifted input on the surface of
a photodetector. When the beat frequency is stable, the time decay of the
resulting optical heterodyne signal can be used to measure intracavity abso
rption spectra with near quantum-limited sensitivity. (C) 2000 Optical Soci
ety of America OCIS codes: 300.6360, 120.6200, 040.2840, 300.6310.