Rp. Henry et Er. Swenson, The distribution and physiological significance of carbonic anhydrase in vertebrate gas exchange organs, RESP PHYSL, 121(1), 2000, pp. 1-12
The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the reversible hydration/dehyd
ration of CO2 and water, maintaining a near-instantaneous equilibrium among
all chemical species involved in the reaction. CA is found in association
with all tissue and organ systems involved in the transport and excretion o
f CO2, from the site of CO2 production, metabolically active tissue such as
muscle, to circulating red blood cells in the vasculature, to the various
organs of gas exchange, the lungs and gills. The presence of the enzyme in
every fluid compartment along the pathway of CO2 transport appears necessar
y in order to allow the dehydration of HCO3- to keep pace with the rapid di
ffusion of CO2 across biological membranes. Within the actual organ of gas
exchange, CA is compartmentalized in multiple subcellular fractions, with t
he specific subcellular localization determining the enzyme's physiological
function. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.