Illegal wildlife trade in the Himalayan region of China

The Himalayan region of China, with its rich biodiversity, used to be impor tant for hunting and collecting of medicinal plants. In the past decades, c onservation attitudes and legislation for wildlife conservation have develo ped rapidly in China. Increasing numbers of species are listed in the state protection list and local protection lists. In the Himalayan region, the a rea of natural reserves is high accounting for 70% of total area of natural reserves in China. However, wildlife in Himalayan region is suffering from illegal hunting and trade even after China has enforced the China Wildlife Protection Law (CWPL). The illegal wildlife trade and smuggling across Sin o-neighbouring country borders and illegal wildlife trade related to domest ic use flourish in the region. Although domestic illegal trade has declined in the past ten years, international illegal trade and smuggling continue, and are even expanding, thereby threatening survival of many endangered sp ecies such as the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsoni), Giant panda (Ailu ropoda melanoleuca) and Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). Illegal wildlife trad e in the region is attributed to four factors. First, the CWPL is still imp erfect, especially concerning illegal trade and smuggling across borders. S econd, CWPL is not fully enforced. Third, infrastructure in many nature res erves is undeveloped and human resources are lacking. Fourth, protection is hampered by differences in the laws of neighbouring countries, differences in penalties and in degrees of protection. Furthermore, national legislati on is often not fully enforced in areas that are inhabited mainly by tribal and minority communities.