The authors propose two single-fault-tolerant gamma interconnection network
s. The first is a partially chained gamma interconnection network (PCGIN) w
ith two disjoint paths between any source-destination pair. A PCGIN has the
characteristics of one fault tolerance and destination tag routing, but ba
cktracking may be necessary when a fault occurs. To eliminate the backtrack
ing penalties of a PCGIN, a fully chained gamma interconnection network (FC
GIN); that can at least tolerate one link or switch fault at each stage wit
hout backtracking, is also proposed FCGIN has the advantages of destination
tag routing, lower hardware costs than a PCGIN, low fault penalty, and str
ong reroutability.