Endovascular treatment of spinal vascular malformations

Endovascular treatment is considered as the first choice of treatment for m ost cases of spinal vascular malformations. Clinical presentation, natural history, and origin of symptoms are briefly described on spinal cord arteri ovenous malformations, spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas, epidural fistul as, and paraspinal fistulas. Pretherapeutic evaluation materials and techni que for embolization, post-therapeutic management, results, and follow-up a re discussed for each disease.