LEYDIG-CELL APOPTOSIS IN RESPONSE TO ETHANE DIMETHANESULFONATE AFTER BOTH IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO TREATMENT

The biological effects of ethane dimethanesulphonate (EDS) are unique since cytotoxicity in the adult rat is almost exclusively confined to the Leydig cells. For this reason, EDS has been used extensively to in vestigate the physiological role of the Leydig cell and its products. Experiments were conducted to determine whether the Leydig cell will u ndergo apoptosis in response to EDS or methylprednisolone (MP), a gluc ocorticoid known to cause apoptosis in a number of other cell types. P ercoll-purified Leydig cells were incubated for 24 hours with EDS (750 mu g/ml), at which time the cells attached to the culture plate becam e rounded Lip while control cells were flattened and polyhedral. Follo wing incubation with EDS or MP (10 mu M), cells that became detached f rom the plate were characteristically apoptotic when stained with the fluorescent DNA dye, acridine orange. These cells had shrunk and the n uclear chromatin had become condensed, which is an early characteristi c of apoptosis in other cells; eventually, apoptotic bodies formed, re flecting a later apoptotic stage. Electrophoresis of DNA extracted fro m the treated Leydig cells exhibited the characteristic ladder of the apoptotic process. Increasing the concentration of EDS or MP resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of apoptosis that reache d a maximum of 25% (EDS) or 12% (MP) of detached cells. Administration of EDS in vivo caused a 20-fold increase in the number of apoptotic c ells observed in interstitial cell preparations. In conclusion, the da ta indicates that programmed cell death, apoptosis, can occur in the L eydig cell and that this is the likely mechanism by which EDS kills th e cells in viva and in vitro.