S. Venkatraman et Cj. Li, The effect of crown-ether on the palladium-catalyzed Ullmann-type couplingmediated by zinc in air and water, TETRAHEDR L, 41(25), 2000, pp. 4831-4834
In the presence of a catalytic amount of 18-crown-6, palladium-catalyzed re
ductive coupling of aryl halides mediated by zinc was found effective in wa
ter alone, at ambient temperature, and under an atmosphere of air to give i
mproved isolated yield of the Ullmann-type reaction products. (C) 2000 Else
vier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.