Ss. Allen et al., Energy intake and energy expenditure during the menstrual cycle in short-term smoking cessation, ADDICT BEHA, 25(4), 2000, pp. 559-572
The effect of short-term smoking abstinence on energy intake and expenditur
e parameters was investigated for women in different phases of the menstrua
l cycle (follicular or late luteal) in a rigorous inpatient laboratory sett
ing. Twenty-one participants were randomized to a continued smoking (n = 5)
or a smoking abstinence (n = 16) group and admitted for 27-day inpatient p
eriods during alternate cycle phases. The smoking abstinence group experien
ced 2 days of baseline smoking and 5 days of smoking abstinence. Measuremen
ts included caloric intake (kcal/24 hours), energy expenditure (by indirect
calorimetry), and weight. Results of within-subject analyses indicated no
smoking abstinence effect on mean daily total kilocalorie intake, sweet kil
ocalorie intake, or resting metabolic rate. However, a significant cycle ph
ase effect was observed, with increased kilocalorie intake and expenditure-
as well as minor weight gain-occurring during the late luteal phase when pr
emenstrual symptoms are highest. In light of this phase effect, women smoke
rs might benefit by attempting to quit smoking during the follicular phase
of their cycle. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.