Elevated central serotonin transporter binding availability in acutely abstinent cocaine-dependent patients

Objective: Recent work has underscored the role of serotonergic neurotransm ission in chronic neural adaptations to cocaine dependence. The authors tes ted for evidence of serotonergic dysfunction during acute abstinence from c ocaine, a period of high risk for relapse in cocaine dependence. Method: Binding availability of dopamine transporters and serotonin transpo rters was measured in 15 cocaine-dependent subjects during acute abstinence and in 37 healthy comparison subjects by using [I-123]beta-CIT and single photon emission computed tomography. Results: Significant increases in diencephalic and brainstem serotonin tran sporter binding (16.7% and 31.6%, respectively) were observed in cocaine-de pendent subjects. Brainstem serotonin transporter binding was significantly inversely correlated with age across diagnostic groups. Conclusions: These findings provide further evidence of serotonergic dysfun ction during acute abstinence from chronic cocaine use. Age-related decline in brainstem serotonin transporter binding may underlie the poor response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants seen in some elde rly depressed patients.