Thin <= 1 mm level III and IV melanomas are higher risk lesions for regional failure and warrant sentinel lymph node biopsy

Background: Thin melanomas have become increasingly prevalent, and lesions 1 mm or less in thickness are frequently diagnosed. They are considered hig hly curable when treated with wide local excision alone with reported 5-yea r disease free survivals of 95% to 98%. However, thin Clark level III and I V melanomas may have an increased potential for metastasizing and late recu rrence because of dermal lymphatics located at the interface of the papilla ry and reticular dermis. We have addressed this controversial area by revie wing the outcomes of patients with invasive thin (less than or equal to 1.0 mm thick) melanomas. Methods: We reviewed 415 invasive melanomas from 1983-1995 in the Rhode Isl and tumor registries which kept records of both tumor thickness and Clark l evels. Sixty-eight (16.4%) of the 415 invasive melanomas were thin (less th an or equal to 1.0 mm in thickness) and were treated by wide local excision only. In situ lesions were excluded. Thirty-eight (56%) of the 68 thin mel anomas were either Clark level III or IV. Results: Seven (18.4%) of the 38 level III and IV thin melanomas had a recu rrence at a minimum follow-up of 36 months. Median time to recurrence was 5 2 months, and the average measured depth of tumor thickness was 0.84 mm. On ly one (3.3%) of 30 level II melanomas recurred (P < .05). Conclusions: Thin level III and IV melanomas are at increased risk for late recurrence when compared with all thin melanomas. Because there is effecti ve adjuvant therapy with alpha interferon for patients with stage III melan oma to treat regional and systemic disease, and because sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) offers minimal morbidity, we suggest using SLNB to accuratel y stage and treat all patients with thin melanoma that are high Clark level s that are at increased risk for metastases.