Permanent fistulation and cannulation of compartment 1 (Rumen) of the Llama (Lama glama)

To carry out nutritional evaluation of potentially useful feedstuffs and re lated ruminal metabolic studies in Llama, we have performed permanent fistu lations of compartment 1 (rumen) in this specie. Four adult female llamas with a mean weight of 100 kg were fistulated using the surgical technique described by Cabrera et al. (1980, 1997). They were kept without food for 72 hr., atropinized and anaesthetized with Ketamine (Ketostop(R)) i.m. 10 mg/k of body weight. Lidocaine (2%) was used for loca l blockage. A piece of skin 10 cm in diameter of the left upper lumbar foss a was removed and the subjacent muscular layers were separated by blunt dis section. The peritoneum was opened and the ruminal wall was sutured to the edge of the skin using "U" stitches, maintaining the peritoneum between the two layers. Finally, the part of ruminal wall limited by de suture was cut away and all the surgical zone area was disinfected with Quemispray(R). Th e resulting opening was closed immediately with a natural rubber cannula (B ar Diamond, Inc., Parma, Idaho, U.S.A.). Antibiotics (i.m.) were used for f ive days and sutures were removed at the 7th day after surgery. All of the animals, except one, withstood quite well the surgical procedure and adapte d well to the cannula. At present, the animals have completed 24 months aft er surgery without mayor problems. Some of the cannulas showed a minor leak , which is frequent in these procedures.