Design, optimization, realization, and analysis of an in vitro system for the exposure of embryonic stem cells at 1.71 GHz

The aim of this study was to develop an exposure system which enables in vi tro experiments to be conducted under variously modulated radiofrequency ex posures. Based on the evaluation of different possible systems. it was deci ded to realize a system based on rectangular waveguides. The system was opt imized for the following parameters: (1) homogeneity of the cell exposure, (2) simultaneous exposure of several Petri dishes, (3) efficiency, (4) stri ct environmental control, (5) quick and easy access to the Petri dishes, (6 ) cost, and (7) simple operation by non-engineering personnel. The implemen ted control software enables investigation of a wide spectrum of amplitude modulation schemes between 0.1 Hz and 1 kHz, including the modulation schem es of current and future digital mobile communication systems as well as ot her exposure protocols. The system described has been initially utilized fo r a study on the differentiation and cell functions of embryonic stem cells . Detailed numerical and experimental dosimetry and environmental tests hav e demonstrated that it meets all target objectives. The entire system inclu ding the sham exposure system fits into a single incubator. It enables the carrying out of various experiments designed to test biological responses t o RF exposures at 1.2-1.7 GHz by using various modulation schemes and long term exposure protocols as well as simultaneous data logging. (C) 2000 Wile y-Liss, Inc.